Science is an empirical, systematic approach that establishes and builds upon scientific knowledge in the form of predictions and testable interpretations of the universe. The discipline builds upon observations of nature, and applies models to test hypotheses and promote theories. The major components of science are mathematics, physics, astronomy, and biology. Some of the most eminent scientists of all time are Albert Einstein, Stephen Wolfram, Jim Clerk Maxwell, and Otto Stern.

In order to arrive at a meaningful theory, many different methods are employed. One popular method is known as the scientific method wherein hypothesis and laws of natural sciences are tested and evaluated to find out whether or not they hold true and can provide enough evidence to prove them right. The scientific method in its most general form is formulated as “the study of nature.” For example, if you observe an increasing number of birds flying around a tree, you can conclude that there is a nesting pair nearby. Similarly, if you notice a trend in the numbers of fish in a lake, you can conclude that there are small aquatic organisms dwelling in it.

A major part of the discipline is experimental study. In order to test a hypothesis, scientists conduct controlled experiments. They collect samples of air, water, or earth to conduct laboratory investigations. By doing so, they can find out the properties of the sample through physical, chemical, or biological processes. Other types of scientific process involved in science include data analysis, which entails gathering and analyzing information from observations and scientific studies; experimental design, which is used to manipulate and control variables in order to control the results; and result interpretation, which provides interpretation of data and research data.